Tooth Sensitivity | Reasons | Management

Dental hypersensitivity, also known as dentin hypersensitivity or tooth sensitivity, refers to the sharp and transient pain experienced when teeth are exposed to certain stimuli.

It occurs as a result of the exposure of the dentin, a second layer of the tooth that lies beneath the first protective enamel and cementum layers.

The dentin contains numerous tubules that house extensions of the odontoblastic processes and communicate with the dental pulp (dental nerve).

When external stimuli, such as thermal, tactile, or chemical factors, come into contact with the exposed dentin, the fluid movement within the dentinal tubules stimulates the nerve endings located in the pulp, triggering the sensation of pain and tooth sensitivity.

Dental hypersensitivity or tooth sensitivity can be caused by various factors, including:

1. Gingival recession

The recession of the gum tissue exposes the root surfaces of the teeth, where the dentin is less protected. And so whenever you eat or drink anything hot or cold, it directly hit the exposed root surface and leads to sharp pain and tooth sensitivity.

2. Enamel erosion

Acidic substances from dietary sources or gastric acid reflux can erode the enamel layer, leading to dentin exposure and sensitivity.

3. Abrasion, attrition, and abfraction

Aggressive toothbrushing techniques, abrasive toothpaste, or parafunctional habits like teeth grinding, early occlusal contacts, and interferences in biting in all the movements can result in the mechanical wearing away of the enamel and exposure of the dentin. So any hot or cold stimuli directly hit the exposed surface and lead to sharp pain and tooth sensitivity.

4. Tooth grinding (bruxism)

Excessive grinding or clenching of the teeth can lead to enamel wear and dentin exposure.

5. Dental procedures

Certain dental treatments, such as teeth whitening, or restorative procedures, may cause temporary tooth sensitivity due to dentin exposure.

teeth whitening Tooth Sensitivity | Reasons | Management | Treatment | Dr Abi Negi

6. Trauma or Injury

Dental nerve damage: Severe trauma, such as a forceful impact or injury, can damage the dental nerves within the tooth. This can result in heightened sensitivity, pain, or discomfort in the affected tooth.

The management and treatment of dental hypersensitivity involve various approaches, including:

1. Desensitizing agents

The use of desensitizing toothpaste, gels, or mouthwashes containing ingredients like potassium nitrate, stannous fluoride, or strontium chloride can help alleviate tooth sensitivity by occluding the dentinal tubules or modifying nerve responses.

2. Application of barrier agents

Dental varnishes, resins, or bonding agents can be applied to the sensitive areas of the teeth to create a physical barrier and reduce dentin exposure. This is to be applied by the dentist.

3. Fluoride therapy

Professional fluoride treatments or the use of at-home fluoride rinses can strengthen the enamel, enhance remineralization, and reduce tooth sensitivity.

4. Using a mouthguard

For individuals with bruxism, wearing a mouthguard while sleeping can help protect the teeth from grinding forces.

5. Modification of oral hygiene practices

Encouraging the use of a soft-bristled toothbrush and gentle brushing techniques can minimize enamel wear and dentin exposure.

6. Dietary modifications

Avoiding or limiting the consumption of acidic foods and drinks can help prevent further enamel erosion.

6. Dental interventions

In cases of severe dentin hypersensitivity or tooth sensitivity, when other measures are ineffective, dental procedures like bonding, sealants, or gum grafting may be considered.

7. Addressing underlying causes

Treating conditions like gum disease, tooth decay with restorations or RCT, or malocclusion can help alleviate tooth sensitivity.

It's essential to note that dental hypersensitivity or tooth sensitivity can have multiple contributing factors and may vary in severity and response to treatment among individuals.

Consulting with a dentist is crucial to determine the underlying causes, take X-rays, provide appropriate management and treatment strategies, and ensure optimal oral health.

Author-

Dr. Abi Negi

Dentist

10 + years of experience

Certification in Practical Implantology

Certification in Rotary Endodontics

Associate Fellowship in Laser Dentistry Certification in Laser Treatments Diploma in Practical Occlusion and Restorative Dentistry Course Advanced occlusion appliance therapy, TMD Comprehensive Course in Veneers - Ceramic & Composite Aesthetic Certified - Europe, Germany WHO Health Program Certified Certification in Laser Dentistry Fellow of the Academy of General Education (FAGE) Member of the Indian Dental Association (IDA)